SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Benin, Samuel; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Okecho, Geresom; Pender, John L.; Nahdy, Silim; Mugarura, Samuel; Kato, Edward; Kayobyo, Godfrey.

The National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program of Uganda is an innovative public-private extension service delivery approach, with the goal of increasing market oriented agricultural production by empowering farmers to demand and control agricultural advisory services. Although initial evaluations of NAADS have been quite favourable, these evaluations have been primary qualitative in nature. This study quantifies the initial impacts of NAADS in the districts and sub-counties where the program was operating by 2005. It is based on descriptive analyses of results of a survey of 116 farmer groups and 894 farmers in sixteen districts where the program was operating at the time and four districts where NAADS had not yet begun operating to control...

DETERMINANTS OF SOIL NUTRIENT BALANCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ADDRESSING LAND DEGRADATION AND POVERTY IN UGANDA

Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Agricultural extension; Uganda; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42375

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.; Kaizzi, Crammer.

A regression model was used to investigate the determinants of soil nutrient depletion in Uganda. The major determinants of soil nutrient balances are household endowments, access to markets, and extension services, non-farm activities and agricultural potential. The results suggest the need to address soil nutrient depletion using multi-sectoral approaches.

DETERMINING SOCIALLY OPTIMAL NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES USING A DELAYED RESPONSE MODEL: THE CASE OF IRRIGATED CORN IN WESTERN KANSAS

Palavras-chave: Farm Management.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20279

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Featherstone, Allen M..

A delayed response model was used to examine the optimal nitrogen application for irrigated corn in western Kansas. Results show that taking into account the effect of leached nitrate on groundwater pollution reduces the profit-based nitrogen recommendation by 12.5% with a consequent reduction of the static profit of 6.7%.

DETERMINING SOCIALLY OPTIMAL NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES USING A DELAYED RESPONSE MODEL: THE CASE OF IRRIGATED CORN IN WESTERN KANSAS

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35737

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Featherstone, Allen M..

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is an important problem. The transport of leached nitrate from the root zone to groundwater takes approximately 30 to 60 years. Many previous studies ignore this time lag by assuming instantaneous contamination. This analysis applies a delayed response model to account for the time lag between nitrogen fertilizer applications to the time the leached nitrate reaches groundwater. Results show that accounting for the leached nitrate externality reduces the nitrogen application rate by 13% and the returns above variable costs by 8% for farmers who apply both nitrogen and phosphorus. For farmers who do not use phosphorus, nitrogen use is reduced by 14% and the returns above variable costs by 22%. The application of...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30889

DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN UGANDA: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS

Pender, John L.; Jagger, Pamela; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Sserunkuuma, Dick.

This paper investigates the patterns and determinants of change in livelihood strategies ("development pathways"), land management practices, resource and human welfare conditions in Uganda since 1990, based upon a community-level survey conducted in 107 villages. The pattern of agricultural development since 1990 involved increasing specialization and commercialization of economic activities, consistent with local comparative advantages and market liberalization. Six dominant development pathways emerged, all but one of which involved increasing specialization in already dominant activities: expansion of cereal production, expansion of banana and coffee production, non-farm development, expansion of horticultural production, expansion of cotton, and...

DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN UGANDA: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS

Palavras-chave: International Development; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19814

Pender, John L.; Jagger, Pamela; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Sserunkuuma, Dick.

This paper investigates the patterns and determinants of change in livelihood strategies (“development pathways”), land management practices, agricultural productivity, resource and human welfare conditions in Uganda since 1990, based upon a community-level survey conducted in 107 villages. The pattern of agricultural development since 1990 involved increasing specialization and commercialization of economic activities, consistent with local comparative advantages and market liberalization. This pattern was associated with changes in land use and agricultural practices, including expansion of cultivated area, grazing lands and woodlots at the expense of forest and wetlands; increased ownership of cattle but declining ownership of other livestock; and...

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION AND FERTILITY MINING IN NORTHERN TANZANIA

Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Land management; Development pathways; Uganda; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16124

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Barkley, Andrew P.; Hamilton, Stephen F.; Bernardo, Daniel J..

This paper develops a soil conservation model that is relevant to smallholder farmers who apply little or no fertilizer. Empirical results drawn from northern Tanzania imply that, ignoring fertility mining problem in model specification leads to overestimation of profits for farms that apply little or no fertilizer. The model also shows that, the impact of output price on soil conservation efforts depends on the curvature of the soil erosion function.

From "best practice" to "best fit" a framework for designing and analyzing pluralistic agricultural advisory services worldwide

Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Fertility mining; Soil conservation; Price policy; Soil erosion function; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21623

Birner, Regina; Davis, Kristin E.; Pender, John L.; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Anandajayasekeram, Ponniah; Ekboir, Javier M.; Mbabu, Adiel N.; Spielman, David J.; Horna, J. Daniela; Benin, Samuel; Cohen, Marc J..

The paper develops a framework for the design and analysis of pluralistic agricultural advisory services and reviews research methods from different disciplines that can be used when applying the framework. Agricultural advisory services are defined in the paper as the entire set of organizations that support and facilitate people engaged in agricultural production to solve problems and to obtain information, skills and technologies to improve their livelihoods and well-being… To classify pluralistic agricultural advisory services, the paper distinguishes between organizations from the public, the private and the third sector that can be involved in (a) providing and (b) financing of agricultural advisory services. The framework for analyzing pluralistic...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55396

From the Ground Up: Impacts of a Pro-Poor Community-Driven Development Project in Nigeria

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Yahaya, Muhammed Kuta; Adebowale, Gbenga; Arokoyo, Tunji; Kato, Edward.

The community-driven development (CDD) approach has become increasingly popular because of its potential to develop projects that are sustainable, are responsive to local priorities, empower local communities, and more effectively target poor and vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of Fadama II, which is a CDD project and the largest agricultural project in Nigeria. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to select 1728 comparable project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The study also used double difference methods to compare the impact indicators. Our results show that Fadama II project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the...

Impacts of Cash Crop Production on Land Management and Land Degradation: The Case of Coffee and Cotton in Uganda

Palavras-chave: Community driven development; Poverty reduction; Propensity score matching; Difference-in-difference; Fadama; And Nigeria; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42344

Pender, John L.; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Kato, Edward; Kaizzi, Crammer; Ssali, Henry.

We investigate the impacts of coffee and cotton production on land management and land degradation in Uganda, based on a survey of 851 households and soil measurements in six major agro-ecological zones, using matching and multivariate regression methods. The impacts of cash crop production vary by agro-ecological zones and cropping system. In coffee producing zones, use of organic inputs is most common on plots growing coffee with other crops (mainly bananas), and least common on mono-cropped coffee. Both mono-cropped coffee and mixed coffee plots have lower soil erosion than other plots in coffee producing zones because of greater soil cover. Potassium depletion is much greater on mixed banana-coffee plots. In the cotton production zone, few land...

IMPACTS OF COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON INCOME AND ASSET ACQUISITION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA

Palavras-chave: Land management; Land degradation; Soil nutrient depletion; Soil erosion; Agricultural commercialization; Cash crops; Uganda; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q13; Q16; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50760

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Kato, Edward.

This study evaluates the impacts of a community-driven development (CDD) project on household income and acquisition of productive assets in Nigeria. Using panel data and difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches, the study finds that the project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the project also increased the income of beneficiaries by about 60%, which is well above the targeted increase of only 20% in the 6-year period of the project. However, sustainability of this dramatic achievement is uncertain since the project did not involve rural credit services. The large cash transfer through its productive asset acquisition component is also unsustainable.

Land Markets and Agricultural Land Use Efficiency and Sustainability: Evidence from East Africa

Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Africa; Community-driven development; Impact evaluation; Poverty; Targeting; Income; Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; H43; H42; Q13; Q15.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50537

Benin, Samuel; Place, Frank; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L..

Land markets, including land sales and short-term land rentals, have an important role to play for efficient and sustainable land management and agricultural development, especially where markets for other factors of production are imperfect or missing. This study utilises data from the highlands of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda to examine the impact of land markets on various types of land investment and management practices, crop yield, and land quality. The results highlight the relative long-term versus short-term return to different types of investment and practices, where those with longer-term benefits such as trees, manuring, and composting are preferred on more tenure-secure plots, while those with immediate or season-to-season benefits such as...

Linkages between land management, land degradation, and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Uganda

Palavras-chave: Land markets; Land investment and management; Land use efficiency; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25645

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.; Kaizzi, Kayuki C.; Kato, Edward; Mugarura, Samuel; Ssali, Henry; Muwonge, James.

Poverty reduction and sustainable land management are two objectives that most African countries strive to achieve simultaneously. In designing policies to achieve these objectives concurrently a clear understanding of their linkage is crucial. Yet there is only limited empirical evidence to demonstrate the linkage between poverty and land management in Africa. Using Uganda as a case study, this analysis seeks to better understand this linkage. We used several poverty measures to demonstrate the linkage between poverty and a number of indicators of sustainable land management. In general we found a strong linkage. The results for many poverty indicators give credence to the land degradation–poverty trap, although some indicators showed negative association...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Land Use Uganda Africa; Sub-Saharan Land Degradation Poverty Food Security and Poverty Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47224

LINKAGES BETWEEN POVERTY AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN RURAL UGANDA: EVIDENCE FROM THE UGANDA NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, 1999/00

Pender, John L.; Ssewanyana, Sarah N.; Edward, Kato; Nkonya, Ephraim M..

This study investigates the impacts of rural poverty on farmers' land management decisions, crop production and incomes, based upon analysis of data from the 1999/2000 Uganda National Household Survey. We find that the impacts of rural poverty on land management, crop production and income depend upon the type of poverty (i.e., what asset or access factor is constrained) and the type of land management considered. Ugandan households that are poorer in terms of access to land use labor more intensively and are less likely to use several land management practices and inputs, though among households that do use non-labor inputs, land-poor households use many of these inputs more intensively. As a result, land-poor households obtain higher value of crop...

Out of Site out of Mind: Quantifying the Long-term Off-site economic Impacts of Land Degradation in Kenya

Palavras-chave: Uganda; Land management; Rural poverty; Land degredation; Household income; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60329

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Gicheru, Patrick; Woelcke, Johannes; Okoba, Barrack; Kilambya, Daniel; Gachimbi, Louis.

This study investigated the private and social returns to Sustainable Land Management (SLM) practices with an objective of finding practices that reduce the on-farm and off-farm negative effects of land degradation. The results show that SLM practices have robust profits for farmers raising dairy cows. Farmers without dairy cows realize profits that are sensitive to input and output prices. Adoption of SLM also provides global environmental services whose value is about 10% of the net present value. The results suggest the need to promote SLM practices with multiple uses and consider ways to compensate farmers who offer significant environmental services.

Policy Options for Increasing Crop Productivity and Reducing Soil Nutrient Depletion and Poverty in Uganda

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21344

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.; Kaizzi, Crammer; Edward, Kato; Mugarura, Samuel.

This study was conducted with the main objective of determining the linkages between poverty and land management practices in Uganda. The study used the 2002/03 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) and more focused data collected from a sub-sample of 851 households of the 2002/03 UNHS sample households. We found that farmers in Uganda deplete about 1.2 percent of the nutrient stock stored in the topsoil per year, which leads to a predicted 0.31 percent reduction in crop productivity. The value of replacing the depleted nutrients using the cheapest inorganic fertilizers is equivalent to about 20 percent of household income obtained from agricultural production. Econometric analysis of the survey results provides evidence of linkages between poverty and...

Strategies for Sustainable Land Management and Poverty Reduction in Uganda

Palavras-chave: Uganda; Land degradation; Soil nutrient depletion; Poverty; Crop productivity; Natural resource management; Land management; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q15; Q57; Q51.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59227

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.; Jagger, Pamela; Sserunkuuma, Dick; Kaizzi, Crammer; Ssali, Henry.

Poverty reduction is one of the overarching objectives of most of Sub-Saharan Africa and other low-income countries. Accordingly, one of IFPRI’s major research themes focuses on policies and strategies for poverty reduction. This research report contributes knowledge to that theme. It also contributes to IFPRI’s ongoing investigation of policies and strategies that foster broad-based and environmentally sustainable agricultural and rural development. In Uganda, where soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients are widespread, land degradation is a major cause of declining productivity and increasing poverty. In this study, Ephraim Nkonya and his colleagues measure the relative merits of various household income strategies and land management practices in...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Land use; Government policy; Uganda; Food supply; Poor; Nutrition; Agriculture and state; Land capability for agriculture; Data processing; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37897

STRATEGIES TO INCREASE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCE LAND DEGRADATION: EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA

Pender, John L.; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Jagger, Pamela; Sserunkuuma, Dick; Ssali, Henry.

This paper estimates a structural econometric model of household decisions regarding income strategies, participation in programs and organizations, crop choices, land management, and labor use, and their implications for agricultural production and land degradation; based upon a survey of over 450 households and their farm plots in Uganda. The results generally support the Boserupian model of population-induced agricultural intensification, but do not support the "more people-less erosion" hypothesis, with population pressure found to contribute to erosion in the densely populated highlands. Agricultural technical assistance programs have location-specific impacts on agricultural production and land degradation, contributing to higher value of crop...

Subsistence farmer preferences for alternative incentive policies to encourage the adoption of conservation agriculture in Malawi: A choice elicitation approach

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Land degradation; Agricultural development strategies; Uganda; Farm size-productivity; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25816

Marenya, Paswel Phiri; Smith, Vincent H.; Nkonya, Ephraim M..

Land degradation in most sub Saharan Africa is a widely recognized problem and is due in large part to poor land management practices. To address this problem, several policy-based incentives to increase the adoption of better land management practices have been proposed, including fertilizer subsidies, cash payments and, more recently, subsidized or commercially offered weather index-based insurance contracts. However, little is known about farmers’ preferences among these policy alternatives, their relative effectiveness, and their likely fiscal implications. Using survey and choice elicitation data from 271 farmers in Central Malawi, this study examines smallholder farmers’ preferences among four major policy options that provide incentives for adopting...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Choice elicitation; Cash transfer; Fertilizer subisdy; Incenitves; Indemnity insurance; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Q12; Q24.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124010

The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought; Toward an Integrated Global Assessment

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Gerber, Nicolas; Baumgartner, Philipp; von Braun, Joachim; De Pinto, Alessandro; Graw, Valerie; Kato, Edward; Kloos, Julia; Walter, Teresa.

Land degradation has not been comprehensively addressed at the global level or in developing countries. A suitable economic framework that could guide investments and institutional action is lacking. This study aims to overcome this deficiency and to provide a framework for a global assessment based on a consideration of the costs of action versus inaction regarding desertification, land degradation, and drought (DLDD). Most of the studies on the costs of land degradation (mainly limited to soil erosion) give cost estimates of less than 1 percent up to about 10 percent of the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) for various countries worldwide. But the indirect costs of DLDD on the economy (national income), as well as their socioeconomic consequences...